Publications

Selected research in HCI, XR, interaction design, and immersive museum experiences.

First-Author Publications· 12

2026

ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences (IMX), 2026, pp. 46–64

A Pattern Language for Head-Mounted AR in Museums: Parameterized, Composable, and Reproducible

Yu Liu, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

HCII 2026

Semantic Anchoring in Head-Mounted Display-based Museum Augmented Reality: A Mixed-Methods Study of User Interface Placement and Experience

Yu Liu, Anna Behrens, Annika Bender, Sarah-Sophie Kiesow, Lea Trageser, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗

HCII 2026

Parameterized Head-Mounted Augmented Reality Design Patterns for Cultural Heritage: An Empirical Study

Yu Liu, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗

European Conference on Games Based Learning (ECGBL), 2026

Comparing Flow, Narrative, and Spatial Immersion in an HMD-AR Serious Game for Museum Learning

Yu Liu, Michael Lurz, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗

2025

ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS), 2025

Design Patterns for Playful Augmented Reality: Enhancing Cultural Heritage Engagement with Game Mechanics

Yu Liu, Manuel Feller, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

JCSG 2024, LNCS 15259, Springer, 2025, pp. 247–262

Playful Locative Interaction in Museums and Exhibitions with Immersive Augmented Reality

Yu Liu, Manuel Feller, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

2024

INFORMATIK 2024, Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI), pp. 871–882

Considerations for Cross-device Augmented Reality Interaction Patterns in the Field of Cultural Heritage Mediation

Yu Liu, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (GCH), 2024

Demonstration of Playful Interaction Patterns for Head-mounted Device-based AR Experiences in Cultural Heritage

Yu Liu

Abstract ↗

2023

HCII 2023, Springer, pp. 150–163

Evaluating Interaction Challenges of Head-Mounted Device-based Augmented Reality Applications for First-time Users at Museums and Exhibitions

Yu Liu, Jessica L. Bitter, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

HCII 2023, CCIS 1834, Springer, pp. 478–485

Newbie Guides for Omnidirectional Guidance in Head-Mounted-Device-Based Museum Applications

Yu Liu, Yan Huang, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

2022

ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences (IMX), Doctoral Consortium, 2022

Human-Computer Interaction Patterns for Head-Mounted-Device-based Augmented Reality in the Exhibition Domain

Yu Liu

Abstract ↗

2021

INTETAIN 2020, LNICST 377, Springer, 2021, pp. 229–242

Handheld vs. Head-Mounted AR Interaction Patterns for Museums or Guided Tours

Yu Liu, Ulrike Spierling, Linda Rau, Ralf Dörner

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

Co-authored Publications· 7

2026

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 2026

Toward Relational Interactivity: Investigating More-than-Human Engagement in Hybrid Museological Spaces

Pedro Galvão-Ferreira, Marta Ferreira, Yu Liu, Noura Kräuter, Teresa Paulino, Beste Soybilge, Nuno Nunes, Ulrike Spierling, Valentina Nisi

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

2024

Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (GCH), 2024

Creating Location-based Visual Presence Experiences for Museums with Immersive Technology

Ulrike Spierling, Jessica L. Bitter, Noura Kräuter, Yu Liu

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

2023

European Conference on Games Based Learning (ECGBL), 2023, pp. 643–650

Chances and Limitations of Immersive Augmented Reality for Game-based Learning in Museums

Ulrike Spierling, Jessica L. Bitter, Yu Liu, Thorolf Müller

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

2022

HCII 2022 Posters, CCIS 1582, Springer, pp. 171–178

Follow the Blue Butterfly – An Immersive Augmented Reality Museum Guide

Jessica L. Bitter, Ralf Dörner, Yu Liu, Linda Rau, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol. 3, 2022

Supporting the Creation of Non-linear Everyday AR Experiences in Exhibitions and Museums: An Authoring Process Based on Self-contained Building Blocks

Linda Rau, Jessica L. Bitter, Yu Liu, Ulrike Spierling, Ralf Dörner

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

2021

IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct), 2021, pp. 212–217

A Nugget-Based Concept for Creating Augmented Reality

Linda Rau, Robin Horst, Yu Liu, Ralf Dörner

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗

2020

INFORMATIK 2020, Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Gesellschaft für Informatik

A Tangible Object for General Purposes in Mobile Augmented Reality Applications

Linda Rau, Robin Horst, Yu Liu, Ralf Dörner, Ulrike Spierling

Abstract ↗DOI ↗Publication ↗